Deferoxamine

1.Basic Information
CAS Number: 70-51-9
Molecular formula: C₂₅H₄₈N₆O₈
Molecular weight: 560.68 g/mol
EINECS Number: 200-738-5
Appearance and properties: White to off-white crystalline powder

2.Physical and chemical properties
Chelating property: It has an extremely high affinity for trivalent iron ions (Fe³⁺). One molecule of desferrioxamine can bind one iron ion, forming a stable and water-soluble reddish-brown complex called “desferrioxamine”, which is excreted from the body through urine and feces. It also has a strong affinity for aluminum ions (Al³⁺), but has very low affinity for physiological metal ions such as copper, zinc, and calcium.
Solubility: Easily soluble in water, and also soluble in DMSO (approximately 10 mg/mL).
Stability: Stable in dry powder form. For the solution, please pay attention to the storage conditions.

3.Main uses and mechanism of action Clinical and pharmaceutical applications
Acute iron poisoning: As the first choice of treatment, it is used for emergency treatment in cases of accidental ingestion of large amounts of iron-containing substances (such as ferrous sulfate).
Chronic iron overload: Treatment for the accumulation of iron in the body due to repeated blood transfusions (such as in patients with thalassemia or sickle cell anemia) or genetic disorders.
Aluminum accumulation poisoning: Used for bone and brain diseases caused by aluminum accumulation related to dialysis.
Research Applications (in the field of life sciences)
Ferroptosis inhibitors: By chelating iron ions and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, they are one of the most classic therapeutic drugs used in the study of the mechanism of ferroptosis.
HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor) stabilizer: By mimicking the low-oxygen environment, it stabilizes HIF-1α and is widely used in studies on angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and hypoxia adaptation of stem cells.
Antitumor research: Studies have shown that it can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and is often used as an enhancer to be combined with chemotherapy drugs.

4.Safety and Storage
Safety: Common side effects during clinical use include pain at the injection site; rapid intravenous infusion may cause hypotension; long-term and high-dose use requires monitoring of vision and hearing.
Storage conditions: As a chemical standard or reagent, it is recommended to store in a sealed container in a dry environment at -20℃, protected from light. The shelf life can reach up to 3 years.

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